Everything about Sedimentation totally explained
» This article refers to the scientific phenomenon of sedimentation. For sedimentation in the treatment of water and wastewater, see Sedimentation (water treatment).
Sedimentation describes the motion of
molecules in
solutions or
particles in
suspensions in response to an external force such as
gravity,
centrifugal force or
electric force. Sedimentation may pertain to objects of various sizes, ranging from
suspensions of dust and pollen
particles to
cellular suspensions to
solutions of single
molecules such as
proteins and
peptides. Even small molecules such as
aspirin can be sedimented, although it can be difficult to apply a sufficiently strong force to produce significant sedimentation.
In a sedimentation experiment, the applied force accelerates the particles to a
terminal velocity is the
buoyant mass. However, the Lamm equation differs from the Mason-Weaver equation because the centrifugal force depends on radius from the origin of rotation, whereas gravity is presumed constant. The Lamm equation also has extra terms, since it pertains to
sector-shaped cells, whereas the Mason-Weaver equation pertains
to
box-shaped cells (for example, cells whose walls are aligned with the three
Cartesian axes).
Particles with a charge or dipole moment can be sedimented by an
electric field or
electric field gradient, respectively. These processes are called
electrophoresis and
dielectrophoresis, respectively. For electrophoresis, the sedimentation coefficient corresponds to the particle charge divided by its
drag (the
electrophoretic mobility). Similarly, for
dielectrophoresis, the sedimentation coefficient equals the particle's electric dipole moment divided by its
drag.
==
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